CISD, Psychological Debriefing &
Group Help after Critical Incidents

Reference list compiled & updated by Atle Dyregrov Ph.D.

Last revised: April 2006

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Everly, G. S. Jr., Flannery, R. B., & Mitchell, J. T. (2000). Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM): a review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5, 23-40.

Everly, G. S. Jr., & Mitchell, J. T. (1997). Critical incident stress management. A new era and standard of care in crisis intervention 2nd edition. Chevron Publishing Corporation.

Everly, G. S., & Mitchell, J. T. (2000). The debriefing "controversy" and crisis intervention: a review of lexical and substantive issues. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 2, 211-225.

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Fitzgerald, M. L., Swartz, A. L., Braudaway, C. A., Samter, J., Leeks, D., Gary-Stephens, M., Padgett, M. B., & Dellinger, N. F. (1993). Debriefing: a therapeutic intervention. Military Medicine, 158, 542-545.

Flannery, R. B. (1999). Critical incident stress management and the assaulted staff action program. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 1, 103 - 107.

Flannery R. B., & Everly, G. S. Jr. (2004) Critical incident stress management (CISM): updated review of findings, 1998-2002. Aggression and violent behaviour, 9, 319-329.

Flannery, R. B., Everly, G. S. Jr., & Eyler, V. (2000). The assaulted staff action program (ASAP) and declines in assault: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 2, 143 - 148.

Flannery, R. B., Hanson, M. A., Rego, J. & Walker, A. P. (2003). Precipitants of psychiatric patient assaults on staff: preliminary empirical inquiry of the assaulted staff action program (ASAP). International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 5, 141-146.

Flannery, R. B., & Penk, W. E. (1999). Critical incident stress management (CISM): The assaultive psychiatric patient. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 3, 169-174.

Flannery, R. B., Hanson M. A., Penk W. E., Goldfinger, S., Pastva G. J., & Navon M. A. (1998). Replicated declines in assault rates after implementation of the assault rates after implementation of the assaulted staff action program. Psychiatric Services, 49, 241-43.

Flannery, R. B., Penk, W. E., & Corrigan, M. (1999). The assaulted staff action program (ASAP) and declines in the prevalence of assaults: Community-based replication. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 1, 19-21.

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